The short answer
A security guard observes, deters, documents, and responds within the limits of the law and the client’s written instructions. Typical duties include controlling entrances, checking credentials, monitoring visitors and vendors, patrolling buildings or grounds, identifying hazards, watching for suspicious behavior, enforcing property rules, protecting restricted areas, documenting activity, and promptly reporting incidents.
What to know
During an emergency, the guard may call 911, provide clear location and incident information, notify designated client contacts, direct people away from danger, support an evacuation, preserve the scene, and assist first responders as the site plan allows. The guard’s exact role should be established in post orders that describe patrol routes, checkpoints, prohibited areas, key and alarm procedures, report expectations, escalation thresholds, and actions the officer must not take.
Security guards do not guarantee that crime or injury will not occur. Their value comes from a consistent professional presence, early recognition of developing problems, dependable communication, and a documented response. Duties also vary significantly by setting: a hospital, apartment community, construction site, office lobby, and special event require different interpersonal skills and priorities. In Arizona, a guard is not a peace officer and performs duties as a private citizen, even when licensed and wearing a uniform.